Bhutan is a captivating Himalayan kingdom known for its dramatic landscapes, centuries-old monasteries, tranquil culture, and unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness. With its thoughtful approach to modernization and careful cultural preservation, moving to Bhutan requires more preparation than relocating to most countries. Success comes down to understanding how life works there before you arrive. Below you will find a comprehensive guide to preparing for life in Bhutan.
Understanding Bhutan’s Language Landscape
The National Language: Dzongkha
The official language of Bhutan is Dzongkha, a Sino-Tibetan language spoken predominantly in the western and central regions of the country. Dzongkha is used in formal settings, government communication, and as a common cultural thread. It is written in a script derived from Tibetan and has approximately 171,000 native speakers with many more speaking it as a second language.
Dzongkha was declared the national language in 1971 and is mandatory in schools throughout the country, meaning almost all Bhutanese have some exposure to it.
Other Local Languages
In addition to Dzongkha, Bhutan is home to a rich array of local languages and dialects. In total there are nearly two dozen languages spoken across the country. Major regional languages include Tshangla (Sharchop) in the east, Lhotshamkha (Nepali) in the south, and various local languages such as Bumthangkha.
These languages reflect ethnic and cultural diversity across Bhutan’s districts. Understanding this linguistic mosaic will help you navigate social norms more respectfully and meaningfully.
English Speaking Population
Although Dzongkha is the national language, English is widely spoken in Bhutan, especially among the younger and educated population. English is the primary medium of instruction in Bhutanese schools, and many Bhutanese people are fluent or conversational in English, particularly in urban areas such as Thimphu and Paro.
In rural and more remote regions, older residents and those with limited formal schooling might not be as comfortable speaking English. Here you may find communication more challenging if you rely only on English.
Overall, Bhutan can be considered an English-friendly country, but taking time to learn basic Dzongkha will greatly enhance your experience and integration.
Visa and Immigration Requirements
Before planning a move to Bhutan you need to understand the system of visas and entry permits.
Visa Requirements
For most foreigners, except citizens of India, Bangladesh, and the Maldives, a visa is required before entering Bhutan. Visa applications must be processed through the Department of Immigration and often require sponsorship or involvement of a licensed Bhutanese tour operator or employer.
Nationals of India, Bangladesh, and the Maldives have easier entry options. Indian citizens may enter with either a passport or voter ID and secure an entry permit on arrival. Nationals of Bangladesh and the Maldives can obtain visas on arrival or prior to travel. Swiss and Thai citizens holding official or diplomatic passports may also receive visas on arrival in some cases.
Long-Term Stay Options
If you plan to move permanently or for work, you will need a work visa or residence permit, usually arranged through your employer before you arrive. These processes are more stringent than typical visa procedures in most countries and require detailed documentation, sponsorship, and approval from relevant government ministries.
Sustainable Development Fee (SDF)
For tourists, Bhutan has a distinctive fee system called the Sustainable Development Fee (SDF). While this fee applies more to short-term tourism than long-term relocation, it is crucial to budgeting your first few months in the country. Many short-term stays involve paying the SDF in combination with visa fees before arrival.
Learning Dzongkha: How and Why
Moving to Bhutan offers a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in one of the world’s less commonly studied languages. While many Bhutanese speak English, knowing Dzongkha will significantly deepen your cultural immersion and help you connect with locals on a personal level.
Language Learning Tools
There are several tools and methods to begin learning Dzongkha before you move:
- Language Apps
- Mango Languages offers a Dzongkha course. Although it may have limitations, it is one of the few structured options available for beginners. Users have mentioned its presence but also note that it serves as an introductory tool rather than comprehensive training.
- Online Courses
- There are specialized courses and online tutors that focus on Dzongkha specifically. These can provide grammar guidance, vocabulary building, and conversation practice.
- Books and Written Resources
- Language guides and textbooks that focus on Dzongkha grammar and vocabulary will help you go beyond basic phrases. These resources are suitable once you have some foundation.
- Community and Immersion
- Practice with native speakers online through language exchange communities. Immersion is one of the most effective ways to build functional language skills.
Basic Dzongkha Phrases to Start With
Before you move, try to learn simple and respectful phrases consistently used in daily interactions:
- Kuzu zangpo la
- Gaday bay zhui? (How are you?)
- Inn (Yes)
- Men (No)
- Kadrin chhe la (Thank you)
These basics will help you build rapport and show respect for local culture wherever you go.
Cultural Preparation
Living in Bhutan requires sensitivity to local values and traditions. Bhutanese culture places a high emphasis on respect, etiquette, and harmony.
Greetings and Etiquette
Bhutanese greetings often involve a gentle bow and use of formal greetings such as “Kuzu zangpo la.” The suffix “la” is a marker of respect and is used in both Dzongkha and when English speakers address locals.
Bhutan’s cultural etiquette extends to dress codes. For example, when visiting religious sites or important cultural monuments, modest clothing that covers shoulders and knees is expected.
Social Norms
Understanding small cultural norms like removing sunglasses when interacting face-to-face or expressing patience during conversations can go a long way in creating positive first impressions. Bhutanese society values calm interaction and mutual respect above direct confrontation.
Practical Tips for Life in Bhutan
Housing and Cost of Living
Finding housing is an important early step if you plan to stay long term. In cities such as Thimphu or Paro, apartments can be competitive, and you may want to arrange your initial stay through a local contact or employer. Planning your budget in advance is especially important given Bhutan’s unique costs and fees.
Healthcare and Insurance
Healthcare infrastructure in Bhutan is functional but limited compared with large metropolitan centers. Expatriates often choose international health insurance that covers emergency evacuation to nearby countries like India or Thailand.
Transportation and Connectivity
Bhutan does not allow self-drive car rentals for tourists; vehicles are typically rented with drivers who are familiar with local roads and conditions. If you are relocating for work, you will likely need to arrange transportation through your employer until you understand local options.
Preparing to move to Bhutan is an exciting journey that blends cultural respect, practical planning, and sincere curiosity. By learning the basics of Dzongkha before you arrive, understanding how English functions in daily life, and navigating the visa and residency requirements with care, you set the foundation for a smoother transition.
Bhutan’s peaceful way of life, reverence for tradition, and welcoming people make it a rewarding place to live. With thoughtful preparation and a commitment to learning, relocating to Bhutan can be a gratifying chapter in your life.
